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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....

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Altered visual processing in a rodent model of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

L R Brace¹, I Kraev¹, C L Rostron¹

¹Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.

|July 14, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may involve a hyper-responsive superior colliculus (SC). This study found altered SC structure and function in a rat model of ADHD, suggesting SC dysfunction contributes to ADHD symptoms like distractibility.

Keywords:

distractibility orienting spontaneously hypertensive rat superior colliculus

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Behavioral Neuroscience
Animal Models of Disease

Background:

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by distractibility, potentially linked to the superior colliculus (SC).
Evidence suggests altered SC functioning in ADHD, with a hyper-responsive SC proposed to mediate core symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically characterize the superior colliculus (SC) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a validated animal model for ADHD.
To investigate collicular-dependent behavior, neural activity, and morphology in SHRs compared to control strains.

Main Methods:

Assessed collicular-dependent orienting behavior in SHRs and control strains (Wistar Kyoto and Wistar).
Recorded local field potential (LFP) and multiunit activity in response to visual stimuli in anesthetized rats.
Examined morphological measures including SC volume, neuron and glia densities, and glia:neuron ratio.

Main Results:

SHRs exhibited prolonged responsiveness and longer response duration to repeated visual stimuli compared to controls.
SHRs displayed hyper-responsive LFP and multiunit activity in the superficial SC layers, not attributable to retinocollicular pathway changes.
SHRs showed a reduced glia:neuron ratio in the SC compared to WKY rats, potentially explaining heightened responsiveness.

Conclusions:

This study reveals strain-specific alterations in SC function and structure in SHRs.
Findings provide convergent evidence supporting a role for SC dysfunction in ADHD pathophysiology.