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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Long non-coding RNAs in innate and adaptive immunity.

Thomas M Aune1, Charles F Spurlock1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37212, United States.

Virus Research
|July 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of biological processes. This review details lncRNA functions in human immunity, highlighting their diverse roles in immune cell transcriptional programs for pathogen defense and homeostasis.

Keywords:
EpigeneticsImmune systemLong non-coding RNATranscriptional regulationWhole genome RNA-sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a newly identified class of regulatory molecules with significant roles in cellular and systemic biological processes.
  • Human genomes contain substantially more lncRNA genes than protein-coding genes, yet detailed analysis remains limited for most lncRNAs.
  • Understanding lncRNA functions is crucial for advancing knowledge in various biological fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the expression and functions of lncRNAs involved in innate and adaptive immunity.
  • To highlight the diverse mechanisms through which lncRNAs regulate immune cell transcriptional programs.
  • To provide insights into the role of lncRNAs in host defense against pathogens and maintaining health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on lncRNA expression and function in immunity.
  • Analysis of reported mechanisms of lncRNA action in immune cells.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on lncRNA involvement in immune responses.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs play critical roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses.
  • Diverse mechanisms are employed by lncRNAs to modulate immune cell gene expression.
  • Specific lncRNAs have been identified that influence the ability of immune cells to combat pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are emerging as vital regulators of immune cell function.
  • Further research into lncRNA mechanisms will enhance understanding of immune homeostasis and disease.
  • Targeting lncRNAs may offer novel therapeutic strategies for immune-related disorders.