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The coherence effect: Blending cold and hot cognitions.

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Complex decisions involve mental reconstruction, strengthening supporting evidence and weakening opposing points. This coherence effect extends to emotional responses, influencing judgments and decisions.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Complex judgments and decisions involve mental reconstruction.
  • A coherence effect strengthens attributes supporting a conclusion while weakening those supporting alternatives.
  • This effect is bidirectional: conclusions influence attribute evaluations, and attribute evaluations shape conclusions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the coherence effect to "hot" cognitions, including emotional and motivational factors.
  • To investigate the bidirectional influence between "cold" factual evaluations and "hot" affective responses in decision-making.
  • To demonstrate coherence-based reasoning as a holistic process in complex judgments.

Main Methods:

  • Study 1: Evaluated complex social relationships, assessing interpretations of facts and "hot" cognitions.
  • Studies 2-4: Manipulated facts, emotions toward actors, and motivation toward outcomes to test bidirectional coherence.
  • Utilized experimental manipulations to observe the spreading of coherence between cognitive and affective elements.

Main Results:

  • Complex social judgments were accompanied by supportive factual interpretations and concordant "hot" cognitions.
  • Coherence effects were observed spreading from "cold" to "hot" cognitions and vice versa.
  • Manipulations of facts, emotions, and motivations all demonstrated the bidirectional coherence effect.

Conclusions:

  • Complex judgments and decisions are driven by coherence-based reasoning.
  • This process is holistic and connectionist, maximizing coherence among diverse factors, including emotional reactions.
  • Coherence-based reasoning integrates cognitive evaluations with affective responses for integrated decision-making.