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Improved Visualization of Cartilage Canals Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping.

Mikko J Nissi1, Ferenc Tóth2, Luning Wang3

  • 1Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America; Research Group of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.

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|July 14, 2015
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Summary

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) provides artifact-free, 3-D visualization of cartilage canals, improving diagnosis of developmental orthopedic diseases. This advanced imaging technique enhances visualization of epiphyseal cartilage vasculature in the developing skeleton.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Orthopedic Research
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Cartilage canals are vital for epiphyseal cartilage function.
  • Damage to these vessels is implicated in developmental orthopedic diseases.
  • Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) has enabled 3-D visualization of cartilage canals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for 3-D visualization of cartilage canals.
  • To determine if QSM post-processing improves upon standard SWI by reducing artifacts.
  • To assess QSM's ability to retain sensitivity to cartilage canals.

Main Methods:

  • Ex vivo distal femoral specimens (piglet, human) and in vivo piglet stifle joints were scanned using 3-D gradient recalled echo sequences at 9.4 T and 7.0 T.
  • Datasets were processed using standard SWI and a truncated k-space division QSM approach.
  • 3-D reconstructions and intensity projections were generated for comparative evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Both SWI and QSM successfully visualized cartilage canals.
  • QSM eliminated artifactual splitting of canals present in SWI data.
  • QSM provided orientation-independent visualization and improved localization of cartilage canals.

Conclusions:

  • QSM processing offers improved, artifact-free 3-D visualization of cartilage canals.
  • Using QSM data as an enhancing mask further improved visualization.
  • This noninvasive method enables early diagnosis of epiphyseal cartilage vasculature diseases.