Differential expression and therapeutic efficacy of microRNA-346 in diabetic nephropathy mice

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease, in which the SMAD signaling pathway plays an important role. The aim of the present study was to identify differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) during the progression of DN and to investigate a selected miRNA in relation to SMAD3/4 and its therapeutic efficacy. The miRNA microarray was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in db/db DN mice. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses were used to detect SMAD3/4 expression. The development of DN in the db/db mice was demonstrated by glucose dysregulation and typical morphological changes in the kidney. miRNA-346 (miR-346) was identified as one of the differentially expressed miRNAs. The expression of SMAD3/4 was significantly attenuated by miR-346 administration and the therapeutic effects of miR-346 were observed in the DN mouse models. miR-346 was identified as a negative regulator of SMAD3/4. SMAD3/4 was upregulated in the renal tissue of db/db mice. The administration of miR-346 attenuated the SMAD3/4 expression in renal tissue and ameliorated the renal function and glomerular histology in DN mice. This study paves the way for clinical studies of miR-346 in DN.