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Related Concept Videos

Functions of the Nervous System01:18

Functions of the Nervous System

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The nervous system is responsible for coordinating and regulating the body's functions. It functions through three main processes: sensory, integrative, and motor processes. Sensory function involves the detection and transmission of information about internal and external stimuli from sensory receptors to the CNS. The CNS processes this information through an integrative function, where it interprets and makes decisions based on the incoming sensory information. Finally, the motor function...
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Organization of the Nervous System01:13

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The nervous system is one of the most complex systems in our body. It is organized into two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS, comprising the brain and spinal cord, houses billions of neurons. The brain is housed in the skull, while the spinal cord is linked to the brain through the foramen magnum of the occipital bone and is surrounded by the protective structure of the vertebral column. It is responsible for processing various...
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Neurotransmitters01:30

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Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...
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Neurotransmitters01:31

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Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Nervous System01:21

Nervous System

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The nervous system coordinates body functions through its complex network of nerve cells, enabling sensation and movement. It is divided into two primary parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain acts as the body's control center, processing sensory information and coordinating responses. The spinal cord functions as a major signaling pathway for the brain and the rest of the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

The c-FOS Protein Immunohistological Detection: A Useful Tool As a Marker of Central Pathways Involved in Specific Physiological Responses In Vivo and Ex Vivo
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FoxO proteins in the nervous system.

Kenneth Maiese1

  • 1Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.

Analytical Cellular Pathology (Amsterdam)
|July 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors regulate neural stem cell proliferation and survival. Targeting FoxO proteins offers potential therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neurodegenerative diseases pose a significant global health burden.
  • Mammalian forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors play crucial roles in neural stem cell regulation.
  • FoxO proteins are implicated in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of FoxO transcription factors in the nervous system.
  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting FoxO proteins for neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on FoxO proteins and neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways interacting with FoxO proteins (e.g., Akt, SIRT1, Wnt).

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Induction of Protein Deletion Through In Utero Electroporation to Define Deficits in Neuronal Migration in Transgenic Models
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Last Updated: Apr 7, 2026

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Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting FACS and Gene Expression Analysis of Fos-expressing Neurons from Fresh and Frozen Rat Brain Tissue
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Induction of Protein Deletion Through In Utero Electroporation to Define Deficits in Neuronal Migration in Transgenic Models
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Main Results:

  • FoxO proteins are selectively expressed in the nervous system and control stem cell proliferation and survival.
  • Interactions with signaling pathways modulate FoxO activity and integrity.
  • FoxO proteins influence apoptosis and autophagy, key processes in neurodegeneration.

Conclusions:

  • FoxO transcription factors are critical regulators in the nervous system.
  • The complex interplay of FoxO proteins and signaling pathways presents viable targets for treating neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Targeting FoxO pathways may offer novel clinical strategies for conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.