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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Imaging Pathways in Fractured Rock Using Three-Dimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography.

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Three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) effectively mapped contaminant migration in fractured bedrock. This geophysical method provides crucial insights into subsurface hydrogeology beyond traditional borehole methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Hydrogeology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Delineating bedrock fracture zones is challenging due to abrupt property changes.
  • Borehole observations have limitations in capturing subsurface heterogeneity.
  • Geophysical techniques can image properties and processes between boreholes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply 3D cross-borehole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) for high-resolution imaging of flow and transport.
  • To investigate contaminant migration in a fractured mudstone system.
  • To compare ERT results with hydraulic data for improved hydrogeological characterization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D cross-borehole ERT in a well field with seven boreholes.
  • Monitored conductive and resistive tracer injections (sodium bromide and deionized water).
  • Employed specialized electrode arrays with isolation packers for in-situ measurements during tracer tests.

Main Results:

  • Static ERT images showed alternating conductive/resistive zones, reflecting geological layering.
  • Time-lapse ERT images clearly revealed tracer evolution and migration.
  • ERT successfully delineated tracer migration, capturing key hydrogeological heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • ERT provides a powerful tool for understanding contaminant transport in fractured bedrock.
  • ERT offers superior spatial scale characterization compared to borehole logging and sampling alone.
  • This geophysical approach is essential for quantifying flow and transport in complex subsurface environments.