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E-cigarettes and expectancies: why do some users keep smoking?

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E-cigarette expectancies influence smoking cessation. Positive beliefs about e-cigarettes correlate with quitting smoking but decrease the intention to stop vaping.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral science
  • Public health
  • Tobacco control research

Background:

  • Many smokers use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) but continue to smoke, potentially due to their beliefs about e-cigarette outcomes (expectancies).
  • Understanding these expectancies is crucial for developing effective smoking cessation strategies.
  • This study compares expectancies between dual users (smokers who also vape) and former smokers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare e-cigarette expectancies between dual users and former smokers.
  • To investigate the association between e-cigarette expectancies and intentions to quit or reduce vaping among former smokers.

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale, cross-sectional online survey was conducted in the United States.
  • Participants included 1815 current e-cigarette users: 381 dual users and 1434 former smokers.
  • Former smokers were further categorized based on their intentions to reduce or quit e-cigarette use.

Main Results:

  • Dual users held less positive e-cigarette expectancies than former smokers, perceiving them as more irritating, addictive, and less satisfying.
  • Former smokers intending to quit vaping reported more negative expectancies, viewing e-cigarettes as more harmful and addictive, but less enjoyable.
  • Positive expectancies were linked to a higher likelihood of having quit smoking.

Conclusions:

  • E-cigarette expectancies are associated with smoking cessation outcomes.
  • While positive expectancies may facilitate quitting traditional cigarettes, they are linked to a lower intention to cease e-cigarette use.
  • Findings highlight the complex relationship between vaping expectancies and cessation behaviors.