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Single-limb force data for two lemur species while vertically clinging.

Laura E Johnson1, Jandy Hanna2, Daniel Schmitt1

  • 1Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708.

American Journal of Physical Anthropology
|July 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Primate clinging relies on hindlimb dominance for stability, with higher forces at the feet than hands. This allows forelimbs to remain free for foraging, offering insights into primate evolution.

Keywords:
kineticspostureprimate vertical clinging

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Area of Science:

  • Primate evolution
  • Biomechanics
  • Locomotor adaptation

Background:

  • Vertical clinging and climbing are crucial for understanding primate origins.
  • The mechanics of how primates with nails (not claws) maintain grip on vertical, cylindrical surfaces are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test models of force application during primate clinging.
  • To investigate the distribution of shear (Fs), normal (Fn), and gravitational (Fg) forces between hands and feet.
  • To compare these forces between a vertical clinger (Propithecus verreauxi) and an arboreal quadruped (Varecia variegata).

Main Methods:

  • Collected single-limb force data from hands and feet during clinging postures using a novel instrumented support.
  • Compared force data across limbs and between P. verreauxi and V. variegata.

Main Results:

  • Both species exhibited significantly higher shear forces (Fs) at the hands compared to the feet.
  • Feet bore significantly higher normal (Fn) and gravitational (Fg) forces than the hands.
  • Propithecus verreauxi showed lower Fg at the hands and Fn at the feet compared to Varecia variegata.

Conclusions:

  • Results support hindlimb loading dominance during clinging, consistent with primate locomotion.
  • This force distribution may enable forelimb use for foraging while clinging.
  • Findings offer insights into selective pressures on force distribution and locomotor evolution in primates.