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Related Concept Videos

Non-destructive Tests for Concrete Strength01:12

Non-destructive Tests for Concrete Strength

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The rebound hammer test, also known as the Schmidt hammer test, is a non-destructive technique for evaluating the hardness of concrete and, indirectly, the strength of concrete. It operates on the principle that the rebound of a spring-driven mass from a concrete surface correlates to the surface's hardness. The device comprises a mass within a tubular housing, a spring mechanism, and a plunger that strikes the concrete. Upon release, the energy imparted to the mass by the spring causes it...
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Boxing headguard performance in punch machine tests.

Andrew S McIntosh1, Declan A Patton2

  • 1ACRISP, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia McIntosh Consultancy and Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

British Journal of Sports Medicine
|July 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Boxing headguards significantly reduce head impact forces and accelerations, lowering concussion and injury risks. This study developed a novel lab method to test headguard performance, confirming their protective benefits in boxing.

Keywords:
BiomechanicsBoxing/Kick BoxingBrainConcussionMartial Arts

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Biomechanics
  • Injury Prevention
  • Protective Equipment Research

Background:

  • Assessing the impact performance of boxing headguards is crucial for athlete safety.
  • Existing methods may not fully capture head impact dynamics and injury risk reduction.
  • A novel laboratory approach is presented to evaluate headguard effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a new laboratory method for assessing boxing headguard performance.
  • To quantify the effects of headguards on head impact dynamics.
  • To evaluate the potential of headguards in mitigating injury risk.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a linear impactor system.
  • Testing on an instrumented Hybrid III head and neck system with and without an AIBA-approved headguard.
  • Application of impacts at speeds ranging from 4.1 to 8.3 m/s using a 4kg mass and a fist-glove interface.

Main Results:

  • Peak contact forces ranged from 1.9-5.9 kN.
  • AIBA headguards significantly reduced peak resultant headform accelerations (e.g., from ~130g to ~85g at 8.3 m/s).
  • Headguards substantially decreased angular head accelerations (by nearly 50%) and linear/angular accelerations in angled impacts.

Conclusions:

  • Current AIBA-approved headguards demonstrate significant protective capabilities.
  • Headguards play a vital role in reducing the risk of concussion and superficial injuries in boxing.
  • The developed laboratory method provides a reliable means to assess headguard efficacy.