Microneedling as a successful treatment for alopecia X in two Pomeranian siblings

Alopecia X (hair cycle arrest) is a relatively frequent hair growth disorder in Pomeranians and several other breeds, characterized by symmetrical, noninflammatory alopecia without systemic signs. The cause and pathogenesis remain unknown. Previously reported treatments with various topical and systemic drugs have been variably successful.

We hypothesized that superficial mechanical skin trauma applied with a microneedling device would induce long-term hair regrowth at treated sites.

Two neutered female Pomeranian siblings with histologically confirmed alopecia X. Previous treatments with deslorelin, melatonin and topical minoxidil had failed to produce significant hair regrowth.

The dogs were anaesthetized and the skin was punctured with a microneedling device. Dogs were followed over a period of 12 months.

Five weeks after microneedling hair regrowth started, followed by a reduction in hyperpigmentation of affected skin. After 12 weeks there was a 90% improvement in coat coverage at previously alopecic areas. Twelve months after the procedure, coat conditions remained stable. No adverse effects were noted.

This is the first report of microneedling to induce hair regrowth in dogs affected by alopecia X. Long-term studies with microneedling in a larger number of dogs with alopecia X will need to be performed to confirm these preliminary results and to further evaluate if hair-regrowth is permanent.