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Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

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Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
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Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
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Tracheostomy Suctioning II: Procedure01:23

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Tracheostomy suctioning is a vital nursing procedure that involves removing secretions from the tracheostomy tube to maintain airway patency and prevent respiratory complications. Nurses need to understand the proper technique for tracheostomy suctioning to ensure patient safety and comfort. In this guide, we will outline the step-by-step process for performing tracheostomy suctioning, including preparing the sterile field, donning personal protective equipment (PPE), lubricating and connecting...
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Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure01:15

Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure

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Endotracheal or ET intubation is a critical medical procedure used to secure a patient's airway, often in acute respiratory distress, apnea, upper airway obstruction, ineffective clearance of secretions, high risk for aspiration, or during general anesthesia.
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...
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Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
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Tracheostomy Suctioning I: Pre-Procedural Steps01:26

Tracheostomy Suctioning I: Pre-Procedural Steps

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Tracheostomy suctioning is a critical procedure healthcare professionals perform to maintain a patent airway in patients with a tracheostomy tube. This procedure is necessary when secretions accumulate in the airway, causing respiratory distress. Here is a step-wise procedural guide for performing tracheostomy suctioning using an open system.
Equipment Required
First, gather all necessary equipment: a sterile suction catheter, a sterile disposable container, sterile gloves, a towel or...
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Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps01:16

Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps

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A tracheostomy is a surgical technique that involves making an incision in the neck to provide access to the trachea. It is frequently used in medical conditions such as airway obstruction and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Effective nursing management is crucial for the long-term success of a tracheostomy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Endotracheal Intubation via Tracheotomy and Subsequent Thoracotomy in Rats for Non-Survival Applications
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Endotracheal Intubation via Tracheotomy and Subsequent Thoracotomy in Rats for Non-Survival Applications

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Transtracheal puncture: a forgotten procedure.

E P Almeida1, A C Almeida2, F F Almeida2

  • 1Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Medicas E Biologicas
|July 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study establishes normal alpha-amylase levels in tracheobronchial secretions, a key enzyme for diagnosing salivary aspiration. Transtracheal aspiration proved safe and effective for sample collection in 118 patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Clinical Diagnostics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Transtracheal puncture is a safe, low-cost procedure historically overshadowed by bronchoscopy.
  • Diagnosing salivary aspiration may involve alpha-amylase activity, but normal tracheobronchial secretion values are undefined.
  • Establishing normal enzyme levels is crucial for accurate diagnostic interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the normal range of alpha-amylase activity in human tracheobronchial secretions.
  • To assess the safety and complication rate of transtracheal puncture in a clinical setting.
  • To validate transtracheal aspiration as a method for obtaining diagnostic samples.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study evaluated 118 patients undergoing transtracheal puncture prior to bronchoscopy.
  • Patients received sedation and local anesthesia before saline instillation into the tracheobronchial tree.
  • Collected saline was aspirated and analyzed for alpha-amylase levels; complications were meticulously recorded.

Main Results:

  • The mean alpha-amylase level was 1914 ± 240 IU/L, with a median of 1056 IU/L and a range of 24-10,000 IU/L.
  • No major complications, including desaturation, emphysema, arrhythmia, or hemoptysis, were observed in any of the 118 patients.
  • This study provides the first definition of normal alpha-amylase levels in tracheobronchial secretions.

Conclusions:

  • Transtracheal aspiration is a safe and cost-effective procedure for obtaining tracheobronchial samples.
  • The study successfully defined normal alpha-amylase levels, aiding in the diagnosis of salivary aspiration.
  • The findings support the utility of transtracheal aspiration in clinical diagnostics.