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Waterlogging and submergence stress: affects and acclimation.

Ujjal J Phukan1, Sonal Mishra1, Rakesh Kumar Shukla1

  • 1a Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP) , Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP) , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India.

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
|July 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Plants survive flooding through morphological and physiological adaptations. This review details plant acclimation to waterlogging and submergence, focusing on hormonal and genetic control for improved crop resilience.

Keywords:
AP2/ERFethylenehypoxiasubmergencetranscription factorstransporterswaterlogging

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Environmental Stress Physiology
  • Ecosystem Science

Background:

  • Flooding and submergence pose significant challenges to plants in flood-prone ecosystems.
  • Plants exhibit diverse survival strategies, including morphological and physiological adaptations, to cope with waterlogged or submerged conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding plant stress and acclimation responses to waterlogging and submergence.
  • To explore the genetic and hormonal mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to these environmental stresses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on plant responses to waterlogging and submergence.
  • Analysis of research on hypoxia-induced morphological and cellular acclimation.
  • Examination of the roles of plant hormones and genetic control in survival.

Main Results:

  • Waterlogging and submergence often lead to hypoxia, triggering specific morphological and cellular acclimation responses.
  • Key hormones (ethylene, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid) and genetic factors are crucial for plant survival.
  • Cellular-level effects include ATP management, starch metabolism, elemental toxicity, transporter functions, and redox status.

Conclusions:

  • Transcriptional and hormonal interplay is vital for understanding waterlogging and submergence tolerance.
  • Species and climate variations influence tolerance levels, necessitating global study.
  • Investigating model organisms like Arabidopsis and rice can aid in improving flood-tolerant crops.