Direct transcriptional reprogramming to nephron progenitors

The direct reprogramming of one cell fate to another represents an attractive option for the generation of specific endpoints for cellular therapy. This appears to require both the reactivation of critical transcription factor regulatory networks and chromatin remodelling. The direct reprogramming of mature renal epithelial cell lines to a nephron progenitor state has been reported. However, our limited knowledge of the optimal growth conditions to maintain this state remains a challenge for their therapeutic application. Here we examine whether nephron progenitors as an endpoint of direct reprogramming have been suitably defined and whether alternative options for reprogramming to kidney exist.