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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
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Hypoparathyroidism in pregnancy.

Krupa Hitesh Shah1, Shashikala Bhat1, Seema Shetty2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

BMJ Case Reports
|July 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Pregnancy in women with hypoparathyroidism presents unique challenges due to altered calcium metabolism. This case study details the clinical, biochemical, and therapeutic management of a patient experiencing pregnancy and lactation with this rare endocrine deficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics
  • Calcium Metabolism

Background:

  • Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder marked by low serum calcium and parathyroid hormone.
  • Pregnancy and lactation significantly increase calcium demands, potentially exacerbating hypoparathyroidism.
  • Managing hypoparathyroidism during pregnancy requires careful monitoring of calcium homeostasis.

Observation:

  • A rare case of pregnancy in a patient with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism is presented.
  • The patient experienced the physiological stresses of pregnancy and lactation while managing hypoparathyroidism.
  • Clinical, biochemical, and therapeutic data were collected throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period.

Findings:

  • The study details the clinical course, biochemical parameters, and treatment strategies employed.
  • Management focused on maintaining stable calcium levels despite increased demands.
  • Successful pregnancy and lactation were achieved with appropriate therapeutic interventions.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of specialized antenatal care for pregnant women with hypoparathyroidism.
  • Understanding calcium metabolism alterations is crucial for managing this condition during pregnancy and lactation.
  • The findings contribute to the limited literature on pregnancy outcomes in women with hypoparathyroidism.