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Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson's disease.

Ali Keshavarzian1,2,3,4, Stefan J Green5,6, Phillip A Engen1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society
|July 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Parkinson's disease patients exhibit altered gut bacteria, with reduced anti-inflammatory microbes and increased pro-inflammatory ones. This dysbiosis may drive neuroinflammation and alpha-synuclein pathology in Parkinson's disease.

Keywords:
a-synucleincolonic mucosa and fecesdysbiosismicrobiotaputative butyrate producing short-chain fatty acids

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked to alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation and colonic inflammation.
  • Altered colonic microbiota in PD patients may cause neuroinflammation, leading to α-Syn misfolding and PD pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between colonic microbiota composition and Parkinson's disease.
  • To determine if gut dysbiosis contributes to PD pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed sigmoid mucosal biopsies and fecal samples from 38 PD patients and 34 healthy controls.
  • Characterized microbial communities using high-throughput ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing.
  • Correlated microbial data with PD clinical measures and assessed microbial community functional potential.

Main Results:

  • PD patients showed significantly different mucosal and fecal microbial communities compared to controls.
  • Reduced abundance of anti-inflammatory bacteria (Blautia, Coprococcus, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium) and increased pro-inflammatory bacteria (Ralstonia) were observed in PD patients.
  • PD fecal microbiomes had lower metabolism-related genes and higher genes for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and type III secretion systems.

Conclusions:

  • Pro-inflammatory gut dysbiosis is present in Parkinson's disease patients.
  • This dysbiosis may trigger inflammation-induced α-Syn misfolding, contributing to PD development.