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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

8.4K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
8.4K
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.6K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
1.6K
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

175
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
175
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

149
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
149
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

217
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
217
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

135
Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
135

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice
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Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice

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Cough hypersensitivity as a neuro-immune interaction.

Woo-Jung Song1, Yoon-Seok Chang2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744 South Korea ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.

Clinical and Translational Allergy
|July 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Chronic cough may stem from hypersensitive airway nerves, a condition known as cough hypersensitivity syndrome. Understanding neuro-immune interactions is key to developing new treatments for this quality-of-life impacting condition.

Keywords:
CoughHypersensitivityImmuneInteractionNeuron

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic cough significantly impacts quality of life for many.
  • The traditional view of cough is evolving towards 'cough hypersensitivity syndrome'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence linking neuro-immune interactions to cough hypersensitivity.
  • To explore potential therapeutic strategies for chronic cough.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current scientific evidence.
  • Analysis of neuro-immune pathways involved in the cough reflex.

Main Results:

  • Cough hypersensitivity syndrome is proposed as a mechanism for chronic cough.
  • Dysregulation in nervous and immune systems contributes to airway sensory nerve hypersensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Neuro-immune interactions are central to understanding cough hypersensitivity.
  • Targeting these interactions may offer novel therapeutic avenues for chronic cough.