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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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ENHANCED IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE THROUGH INTERVENTIONS FOR CHILDHOOD CLUSTER DISEASES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.

Sheh Mureed, Ratana Somronghtong, Ramesh Kumar

    Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
    |July 18, 2015
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    Summary

    Professional interventions significantly boost childhood immunization coverage in developing nations, particularly for DTP and measles vaccines. This public health strategy is crucial for reducing child morbidity and mortality globally.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Global Health

    Background:

    • Childhood immunization is a critical public health intervention to reduce mortality.
    • Developing countries face challenges in achieving full immunization coverage due to various constraints.
    • Identifying effective interventions is vital for improving vaccination rates in vulnerable populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically review and identify effective interventions for increasing childhood immunization coverage in developing countries.
    • To analyze the impact of interventions on vaccination rates for specific diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
    • Searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Medline, and ISI for relevant studies.
    • Included randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies, assessed using the Down and Black checklist.

    Main Results:

    • 10 studies involving 16,570 articles analyzed showed interventions significantly increased vaccine coverage for childhood diseases (OR 2.136, p <0.05).
    • Interventions had a more prominent effect on DTP (OR 2.397, p<0.05) and measles (OR 2.628, p<0.05) coverage.
    • The effect was less pronounced for polio and full vaccination schedules.

    Conclusions:

    • Professional interventions are effective in improving child immunization coverage for cluster diseases in developing countries.
    • Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) and measles vaccines showed the most significant impact.
    • These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions to enhance public health outcomes.