Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.3K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.3K
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

32
Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
32
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

10.4K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
10.4K
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

14.0K
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
14.0K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

8.3K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
8.3K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

17.5K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
17.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The JAK1/3 inhibitor tofacitinib suppresses T cell homing and activation in chronic intestinal inflammation.

Journal of Crohn's & colitis·2020
Same author

Role of the IL-2 inducible tyrosine kinase ITK and its inhibitors in disease pathogenesis.

Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)·2020
Same author

Functional Molecular Network Analysis Enables Prediction of Response to Vedolizumab Therapy in Anti-TNF Refractory IBD Patients.

Crohn's & colitis 360·2020
Same author

Topical application of Chlorin e6-PVP (Ce6-PVP) for improved endoscopic detection of neoplastic lesions in a murine colitis-associated cancer model.

Scientific reports·2020
Same author

Vascular occlusion by neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19.

EBioMedicine·2020
Same author

Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases receiving cytokine inhibitors have low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion.

Nature communications·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Visualization of IL-22-expressing Lymphocytes Using Reporter Mice
10:30

Visualization of IL-22-expressing Lymphocytes Using Reporter Mice

Published on: January 25, 2017

9.4K

Interleukin-12: Functional activities and implications for disease.

Sebastian Zundler1, Markus F Neurath1

  • 1Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Medical Clinic 1, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
|July 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a key cytokine linking innate and adaptive immunity by promoting T-helper 1 (TH1) cell development. Despite early therapeutic hopes, its complex roles in disease and immunity continue to be investigated.

Keywords:
AutoimmunityCytokinesIL-12ImmunologySTAT4T(H)1 cells

More Related Videos

Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-γ Responses
10:10

Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-γ Responses

Published on: November 16, 2016

14.4K
A Strategy for the Study of IL-9-Producing Lymphoid Cells in the Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Infection Model
08:38

A Strategy for the Study of IL-9-Producing Lymphoid Cells in the Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Infection Model

Published on: March 3, 2023

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Visualization of IL-22-expressing Lymphocytes Using Reporter Mice
10:30

Visualization of IL-22-expressing Lymphocytes Using Reporter Mice

Published on: January 25, 2017

9.4K
Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-γ Responses
10:10

Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-γ Responses

Published on: November 16, 2016

14.4K
A Strategy for the Study of IL-9-Producing Lymphoid Cells in the Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Infection Model
08:38

A Strategy for the Study of IL-9-Producing Lymphoid Cells in the Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Infection Model

Published on: March 3, 2023

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a cytokine crucial for immune responses.
  • It comprises p35 and p40 subunits and influences T and NK cells.
  • IL-12 is recognized as a link between innate and adaptive immunity, particularly in TH1 development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biochemistry, receptor interactions, and signal transduction of IL-12.
  • To summarize the regulation and biological functions of IL-12.
  • To discuss the role of IL-12 in murine models and human diseases, and its therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of IL-12 research.
  • Analysis of IL-12's role in immune cell activation (T and NK cells).
  • Examination of IL-12's involvement in disease models and clinical applications.

Main Results:

  • IL-12 induces Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production via STAT4.
  • IFN-γ activates T-bet, promoting TH1 commitment.
  • Despite initial high expectations, clinical translation of IL-12 therapies has faced challenges.

Conclusions:

  • IL-12 remains a cytokine of significant importance with many unanswered questions.
  • Understanding IL-12's complex roles is vital for future therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into IL-12's implications in disease is warranted for clinical applications.