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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Utilizing pHluorin-tagged Receptors to Monitor Subcellular Localization and Trafficking
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Genetically targeted fluorogenic macromolecules for subcellular imaging and cellular perturbation.

Andrew J D Magenau1, Saumya Saurabh2, Susan K Andreko3

  • 1Molecular Biosensors and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Biomaterials
|July 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel fluorogen-functionalized polymers to specifically label cellular compartments. This targeted macromolecular delivery influences cellular behavior and offers new therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)Biomaterial structure-property relationshipsFluorogen-activating proteins (FAPs)Genetically targetable macromoleculesPolymer modified cellsProtein polymer hybridsSubcellular imagingTargeting polymers to subcellular organelles

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Targeting specific organelles within cells is a promising avenue for novel therapeutics.
  • Modifying subcellular structures with macromolecules can influence cellular functions and behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop genetically targetable macromolecules for precise subcellular labeling.
  • To investigate the relationship between polymer architecture and binding properties for optimized cellular targeting.
  • To explore the impact of targeted macromolecular fluorogens on cellular functions, such as motility.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized controlled radical polymerization to synthesize fluorogen-functionalized polymers.
  • Employed genetically targetable proteins for localized fluorogen activation within specific cellular compartments (actin, cytoplasmic, nuclear).
  • Optimized polymer architecture to control binding rates, affinities, and internalization for specific subcellular decoration.

Main Results:

  • Achieved exclusive labeling of actin, cytoplasmic, or nuclear compartments at nanomolar polymer concentrations.
  • Demonstrated successful binding of fluorogen-modified polymers to intact proteins after cytosolic delivery, without membrane permeabilization.
  • Observed that macromolecular fluorogen binding to actin structures induced rapid cellular ruffling, impacting cellular motility.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorogen-functionalized polymers can be precisely targeted to specific subcellular locations.
  • The developed macromolecular fluorogens offer a new tool for modulating cellular functions and exploring therapeutic interventions.
  • Targeting actin structures with these polymers influences cellular behavior, highlighting potential applications in cell motility studies.