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Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
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The association between diabetes and postpartum depression.

Emily S Miller1,2, Marisa R Peri3, Dana R Gossett3,4

  • 1Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. emily-miller-1@northwestern.edu.

Archives of Women'S Mental Health
|July 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Women with pre-pregnancy diabetes face a higher risk of postpartum depression compared to those without diabetes. Gestational diabetes did not show a similar association with increased depression rates.

Keywords:
DepressionDiabetesGestational diabetesPostpartum depression

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Endocrinology
  • Mental Health

Background:

  • Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant concern affecting maternal well-being.
  • Diabetes, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pre-pregnancy diabetes, is increasingly prevalent in women of reproductive age.
  • The relationship between pre-existing diabetes and PPD risk requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between pre-pregnancy diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with the risk of postpartum depression.
  • To compare PPD rates in diabetic versus non-diabetic women.
  • To identify if pre-pregnancy diabetes poses a higher risk for PPD.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study was conducted with 305 women receiving prenatal care at a low-income clinic in Chicago.
  • Participants were categorized by diabetes status: no diabetes, GDM, or pre-pregnancy diabetes.
  • Postpartum depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) screening tool.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to control for confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • Women with any form of diabetes (GDM or pre-pregnancy) showed similar rates of antenatal and postpartum depression compared to non-diabetic women.
  • However, women with pre-pregnancy diabetes had significantly higher rates of postpartum depression (34.8%) compared to non-diabetic women (16.7%).
  • This increased risk for pre-pregnancy diabetes persisted after adjusting for confounders (aOR 2.67, 95% CI 1.05-9.79).
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was not associated with an increased risk of postpartum depression.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-pregnancy diabetes, but not gestational diabetes, is independently associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing postpartum depression.
  • Women with pre-pregnancy diabetes require targeted screening and support for postpartum mental health.
  • Further research should explore the underlying mechanisms linking pre-pregnancy diabetes and PPD.