Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

24.6K
The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
24.6K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

4.3K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
4.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Seqwin: ultrafast identification of signature sequences in microbial genomes.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

An Ultraresponsive Green Biosensor for Robust in Vivo Imaging of Synaptic Zinc Dynamics.

ACS sensors·2026
Same author

hpGRISZ: a high-performance fluorescent biosensor for in vivo imaging of synaptic zinc dynamics.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Seqwin: Ultrafast identification of signature sequences in microbial genomes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

DNA fragmentation factor B suppresses interferon to enable cancer persister cell regrowth.

Nature cell biology·2025
Same author

DFFB suppresses interferon to enable cancer persister cell regrowth.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Genetic Incorporation of Biosynthesized L-dihydroxyphenylalanine DOPA and Its Application to Protein Conjugation
10:24

Genetic Incorporation of Biosynthesized L-dihydroxyphenylalanine DOPA and Its Application to Protein Conjugation

Published on: August 24, 2018

8.5K

Expanding the Genetic Code for a Dinitrophenyl Hapten.

Wei Ren1, Ao Ji1, Michael X Wang1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology
|July 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers genetically encoded a dinitrophenyl (DNP) unnatural amino acid using engineered pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase. This DNP moiety demonstrated enhanced stability in mammalian cells, enabling selective antibody interactions for potential biosensing and therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
dinitrophenylgenetic code expansionhaptensunnatural amino acids

More Related Videos

Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells
14:02

Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells

Published on: April 9, 2018

9.2K
Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System
11:47

Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System

Published on: August 1, 2016

16.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Genetic Incorporation of Biosynthesized L-dihydroxyphenylalanine DOPA and Its Application to Protein Conjugation
10:24

Genetic Incorporation of Biosynthesized L-dihydroxyphenylalanine DOPA and Its Application to Protein Conjugation

Published on: August 24, 2018

8.5K
Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells
14:02

Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells

Published on: April 9, 2018

9.2K
Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System
11:47

Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System

Published on: August 1, 2016

16.5K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Haptens, like dinitrophenyl (DNP), are small molecules that elicit immune responses when conjugated to proteins.
  • These haptens have been utilized in various applications due to their immunogenicity.
  • Genetic encoding offers a precise method for introducing specific chemical moieties into proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To genetically encode a dinitrophenyl (DNP)-containing unnatural amino acid.
  • To assess the stability and functionality of the DNP moiety in different cellular environments.
  • To explore the potential applications of genetically incorporated DNP in biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering of Methanosarcina barkeri pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (mbPylRS) for unnatural amino acid incorporation.
  • Design and synthesis of N(6)-(2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)acetyl)lysine (DnpK).
  • Expression of DnpK in Escherichia coli and mammalian HEK293T cells.
  • Assessment of DnpK stability and interaction with anti-DNP antibodies.

Main Results:

  • Successful genetic encoding of the DNP-containing unnatural amino acid DnpK.
  • DnpK exhibited instability in Escherichia coli but enhanced stability in HEK293T cells.
  • The incorporated DNP moiety demonstrated selective binding to anti-DNP antibodies.
  • The engineered system allows for the site-specific introduction of DNP into proteins.

Conclusions:

  • The engineered mbPylRS system enables the genetic incorporation of a DNP moiety into proteins.
  • Enhanced stability of the DNP group in mammalian cells opens avenues for in vivo applications.
  • This technology holds promise for advancing biosensing, immunology, and therapeutic strategies.