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Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

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Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
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Topiramate-induced nephrolithiasis.

Eleni Z Giannopoulou1, Ludwig Gortner1, Sylvia Peterlini1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University Hospital of Saarland Homburg, Saarland, Germany.

Clinical Case Reports
|July 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Topiramate, an antiepileptic drug, can cause kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) in children. Regular kidney ultrasounds are advised for pediatric patients taking topiramate to monitor for this rare side effect.

Keywords:
Abdominal paincalcificationepilepsy

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Antiepileptic Drug Research

Background:

  • Nephrolithiasis is a known, albeit uncommon, adverse effect associated with topiramate use.
  • Topiramate is a widely prescribed antiepileptic medication with a diverse side effect profile.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of pediatric nephrolithiasis secondary to topiramate treatment.
  • To highlight the importance of monitoring for renal complications in children using topiramate.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 3-year-old male presenting with abdominal pain.
  • Diagnostic workup including imaging to identify renal calcification.

Main Results:

  • A large calcification was identified in the left kidney of the pediatric patient.
  • The patient's presentation was attributed to topiramate-induced nephrolithiasis.

Conclusions:

  • Topiramate should be considered as a potential cause of nephrolithiasis in pediatric patients.
  • Routine renal ultrasound surveillance is recommended for children undergoing topiramate therapy to detect early signs of kidney stone formation.