Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

8.0K
The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is...
8.0K
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

2.1K
Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
2.1K
Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

79.8K
Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
79.8K
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

786
Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
786
Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

10.7K
The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
10.7K
Gross Anatomy of the Liver01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Liver

2.8K
The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
Located under the diaphragm, the liver is almost entirely ensconced within the rib cage, providing it with substantial protection. Except for the superior most bare area, the liver's surface is...
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

3D virtual models versus 2D imaging in preoperative planning for spinal En bloc resections: a comparative cohort study.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·2026
Same author

Diet shapes the metabolite profile in the intact human ileum, which affects PYY release.

Science translational medicine·2024
Same author

UK trial of pressurised intraperitoneal aerosolised chemotherapy (PIPAC) with oxaliplatin for colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases (NCT03868228).

Pleura and peritoneum·2023
Same author

Trampoline-Associated Cranial and Spinal Injuries: A 10-Year Study in a Pediatric Neurosurgery Center.

Cureus·2023
Same author

Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion for Refractory Intracranial Hypertension in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Single Center Experience.

World neurosurgery·2023
Same author

Atlantoaxial limited dorsal myeloschisis: A report of two cases and review of literature.

Brain & spine·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
07:10

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy

Published on: June 18, 2020

23.4K

Hepatic portal venous gas.

Wai Cheong Soon1, Kevin Yifei Liu1, Dominic Blunt1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Charing Cross Hospital St Dunstans Road, W6 8RF, London, UK.

Clinical Case Reports
|July 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) is differentiated from pneumobilia by intrahepatic air patterns on CT scans. HPVG often signals serious intra-abdominal conditions, with bowel ischemia being the most frequent cause.

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Abdominal Imaging
  • Gastrointestinal Pathology

Background:

  • Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) and pneumobilia are distinct findings on computed tomography (CT) scans.
  • Differentiating these entities is crucial for patient management.
  • HPVG can be associated with significant intra-abdominal pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the CT imaging features that differentiate hepatic portal venous gas from pneumobilia.
  • To emphasize the clinical significance of HPVG as a marker for intra-abdominal pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of CT imaging characteristics of hepatic portal venous gas and pneumobilia.
  • Comparison of intrahepatic air distribution patterns.

Main Results:

Keywords:
Bowel toxicityHepatic Portal Venous GasPneumobilia

More Related Videos

Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats
09:37

Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats

Published on: August 1, 2018

15.6K
Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure
16:19

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure

Published on: September 13, 2014

13.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
07:10

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy

Published on: June 18, 2020

23.4K
Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats
09:37

Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats

Published on: August 1, 2018

15.6K
Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure
16:19

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure

Published on: September 13, 2014

13.3K
  • The pattern of intrahepatic air spread is key to differentiating HPVG from pneumobilia on CT scans.
  • Hepatic portal venous gas is frequently associated with intra-abdominal pathology.

Conclusions:

  • CT scan analysis, focusing on intrahepatic air patterns, allows for differentiation between HPVG and pneumobilia.
  • Hepatic portal venous gas serves as a critical indicator of potential bowel ischemia and other severe intra-abdominal conditions.