MicroRNA in prostate cancer: Practical aspects.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Biology
• Biomarker Discovery

Background:

• MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have become significant biomarkers for cancer management over the past decade.
• Their role in prostate cancer (PCa) spans diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and treatment response prediction.
• Distinct miRNA expression patterns are observed across various PCa stages, including castration-resistant (CRPC) and metastatic disease.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review studies on miRNA expression in human prostate tissue and biofluids.
• To consolidate reliable data on miRNA involvement in PCa occurrence and progression.
• To analyze differentially expressed miRNAs and their association with PCa prognosis, CRPC, metastasis, and treatment response.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on miRNA expression in prostate cancer.
• Analysis of miRNA detection in both tissue and biofluids (blood, serum, urine).
• Delineation of differentially expressed miRNAs and their correlation with clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

• Numerous studies show distinct miRNA expression profiles in PCa compared to normal tissue.
• Specific miRNAs are differentially expressed across different PCa grades, stages, and resistance statuses (CRPC).
• Circulating miRNAs in biofluids show potential as non-invasive biomarkers for PCa diagnosis and outcome prediction.

Conclusions:

• MicroRNAs play a crucial role in prostate cancer progression and management.
• Differentially expressed miRNAs are associated with PCa prognosis, metastasis, and treatment response.
• Circulating miRNAs offer promising avenues for non-invasive PCa diagnosis, staging, and outcome prediction.