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Related Concept Videos

The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Knee Joint01:23

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Medial Meniscal Ossicle.

Zeynep Guvenc, Hakan Ilaslan, Murali Sundaram

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    Summary
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    Persistent right knee pain in a 33-year-old woman following an injury was investigated. Diagnostic imaging, including radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging, was performed to determine the cause.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Radiology
    • Sports Medicine

    Background:

    • Persistent knee pain can significantly impact quality of life.
    • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of knee injuries.

    Observation:

    • A 33-year-old female patient reported ongoing right knee pain after sustaining an injury.
    • Clinical evaluation was supplemented with advanced imaging techniques.

    Findings:

    • Radiographs were utilized to assess bone structure and alignment.
    • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provided detailed visualization of soft tissues, including ligaments, tendons, and cartilage.

    Implications:

    • Diagnostic imaging aids in identifying the underlying pathology of knee pain.
    • Establishing a definitive diagnosis guides subsequent therapeutic interventions.
    • This case highlights the importance of imaging in evaluating traumatic knee injuries.