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Software-Based Real-Time Acquisition and Processing of PET Detector Raw Data.

Benjamin Goldschmidt, David Schug, Christoph W Lerche

    IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
    |July 18, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A new software-based data acquisition and processing architecture (DAPA) enables flexible positron emission tomography (PET) data analysis. This flexible DAPA system improves real-time processing and system sensitivity for advanced PET imaging.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Nuclear Instrumentation
    • Computational Science

    Background:

    • Modern positron emission tomography (PET) systems rely on hardware-based data processing for scintillation event analysis, limiting advanced algorithm implementation.
    • Strict real-time constraints in current PET readout architectures hinder the development of sophisticated singles and coincidence processing (SCP) algorithms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a flexible software-based data acquisition and processing architecture (DAPA) for advanced SCP algorithms in PET.
    • To overcome the limitations of hardware-based processing by offering relaxed real-time constraints and an extendible data processing framework.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a DAPA to acquire and process raw detector data from synchronized detector modules in real-time.

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  • Implemented and compared three crystal position and energy estimation approaches (CPEEA): center-of-gravity (COG), least-squares (LS), and maximum-likelihood (ML).
  • Evaluated the DAPA using a preclinical PET detector with digital silicon photomultiplier (dSiPM) stacks and a hot-rod phantom.

    • Main Results:

    • The DAPA demonstrated high reliability, with less than 0.1% data loss or corruption.
    • Real-time capability was achieved up to 55 MBq (COG-CPEEA), 31 MBq (LS-CPEEA), and 28 MBq (ML-CPEEA) at high validation thresholds.
    • LS- and ML-based CPEEA showed slightly improved image reconstruction (rod separability, reduced blurring) and up to 2.5x higher system sensitivity compared to COG-CPEEA.

    Conclusions:

    • The software-based DAPA provides a flexible and reliable platform for advanced SCP algorithms in PET imaging.
    • LS- and ML-based CPEEA offer superior performance in image quality and system sensitivity, despite comparable time and energy resolutions.
    • This architecture facilitates the development and implementation of more sophisticated data processing techniques for enhanced PET performance.