Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 6, 2026
10:54
Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol
Published on: November 21, 2025
868
Refractory depression: mechanisms and evaluation of radically open dialectical behaviour therapy (RO-DBT) [REFRAMED]:
T R Lynch1, B Whalley2, R J Hempel1
1Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
BMJ Open
|July 19, 2015
Summary
Radically Open Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (RO-DBT) shows promise for treatment-resistant depression. This trial investigates its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in complex patients, offering new hope for improved remission rates.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Current depression treatments have limited efficacy, with only 30-40% of patients achieving full remission.
- Existing therapies often exclude complex patients with chronic conditions or comorbid personality disorders.
- Radically Open Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (RO-DBT) is a novel, transdiagnostic approach for emotional over-control disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of RO-DBT for treatment-resistant depression.
- To assess the cost-effectiveness of RO-DBT compared to treatment as usual (TAU).
- To explore the mechanisms underlying RO-DBT's effectiveness in a complex patient population.
Main Methods:
- A multicentre randomised controlled trial (REFRAMED) comparing 7 months of RO-DBT with TAU.
- Primary outcome: depressive symptoms measured 12 months post-randomisation.
- Cost-effectiveness analysis using cost per quality-adjusted life year.
Main Results:
- N/A - Results not yet available in the provided abstract.
Conclusions:
- N/A - Conclusions not yet available in the provided abstract.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
680
Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert...
680
01:25Cognitive Therapy
1.4K
Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
1.4K
01:23Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents
1.2K
Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
1.2K
01:24Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders
934
Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
934
01:30Electroconvulsive Therapy
2.1K
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
2.1K
01:26Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
668
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
668