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Cognitive status of edentate elders wearing complete denture: Does quality of denture matter?
Daiane Cerutti-Kopplin1, Elham Emami2, Juliana Balbinot Hilgert1
1Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Background:
Emerging evidence suggests that an individual's level of mastication may play a role in their cognitive status. This suggests that in edentate individuals wearing complete denture, non-optimal mastication via inadequate denture could be related to cognitive status.
Objectives:
To examine the impact of quality of denture on cognitive status of a sample of elderly edentate Brazilian individuals wearing complete denture.
Methods:
This study is a cross-sectional analysis of data collected from 117 edentate elders (mean age 73.7 ± 5.6 years) wearing complete denture, in southern Brazil. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Brazilian version of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Clinical examination was conducted to evaluate the quality of dentures by use of the FAD (functional assessment of dentures) instrument. Masticatory ability was assessed by self-reported questions.
Results:
The mean MMSE score for the total sample was 23.1 (SD=4.4) and was associated with age (p=0.001), education (p<0.0001), depressive symptoms (p=0.003), as well as the masticatory ability (p=0.001) and functional quality of dentures (p<0.0001). Unsatisfactory masticatory ability was more frequent in edentate individuals with lower FAD score (p<0.0001) and led to a lower MMSE total score. Unsatisfactory masticatory ability was associated with MMSE scores (p=0.002) after adjustment.
Conclusion:
The study results support the potential role of optimal functional quality of dentures in maintaining cognitive activity in elders. This association may be explained via mastication pathway.
Clinical Significance:
The potential beneficial effect of functional dentures on cognitive status via mastication could encourage preventive strategies to decrease substantial risk of morbidity in elders.
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