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Syphilis in Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Warning Sign for HIV Infection.

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Syphilis cases in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Mallorca frequently co-occurred with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Early HIV screening is crucial for this population to facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Syphilis remains a significant public health concern, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM).
  • Understanding the clinical and epidemiological patterns of syphilis in specific populations is vital for effective control strategies.
  • Co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is common in MSM and can alter the presentation and management of syphilis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinical and epidemiological features of syphilis among MSM in Mallorca, Spain.
  • To investigate the prevalence and implications of HIV co-infection in this cohort.
  • To inform public health interventions for syphilis and HIV prevention and management in MSM.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of syphilis cases diagnosed in MSM at a Mallorca hospital.
  • Data collection spanned from January 2005 to June 2013.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on syphilis diagnoses in individuals identifying as MSM.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-five syphilis cases were identified in MSM, representing 34.3% of all diagnosed cases.
  • A high rate of HIV co-infection (74.5%) was observed among MSM with syphilis, with simultaneous diagnosis in 70.7%.
  • Late latent or indeterminate syphilis was the most frequent clinical form (41.9%), and clinical diagnosis occurred in 49.1% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • Syphilis in MSM in Mallorca is strongly associated with HIV co-infection.
  • Routine HIV screening is essential for MSM diagnosed with syphilis to enable early detection and management.
  • Integrated screening and management approaches are recommended for co-infected individuals.