Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

863
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
863
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

1.0K
Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
1.0K
Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

5.7K
The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
5.7K
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

829
Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
829

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparative Analysis of End-to-End versus End-to-Side Neurorrhaphy for the upper crossface in the second surgical step of triple innervation technique for Facial Reanimation Surgery: A Retrospective Study.

Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery·2025
Same author

Smell and taste recovery in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a 60-day objective and prospective study.

The Journal of laryngology and otology·2020
Same author

Impact of COVID-19 epidemic on maxillofacial surgery in Italy.

The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery·2020
Same author

Lipofilling of the upper eyelid to treat paralytic lagophthalmos.

The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery·2020
Same author

Three-dimensional assessment of restored smiling mobility after reanimation of unilateral facial palsy by triple innervation technique.

International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery·2019
Same author

Three-dimensional superimposition for patients with facial palsy: an innovative method for assessing the success of facial reanimation procedures.

The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

106.7K

Facial reanimations: part I--recent paralyses.

F Biglioli1

  • 1Head of Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, San Paolo University Hospital, Milan, Italy.

The British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
|July 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Facial paralysis, like Bell's palsy, can cause significant deficits. Surgical interventions aim to improve facial symmetry and eyelid closure, with various techniques for recent or long-standing nerve damage.

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Unilateral facial paralysis, often from Bell's palsy, affects 1 in 60 people.
  • Residual deficits, particularly impaired eyelid closure, significantly impact quality of life.
  • Complete functional restoration is currently impossible; realistic goals include improved symmetry and partial function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current surgical strategies for managing unilateral facial paralysis.
  • To discuss reconstructive options based on paralysis duration and nerve status.
  • To highlight ancillary procedures for optimizing outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of surgical techniques for facial nerve reconstruction.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methods like electromyography.
Keywords:
Facial nerveFacial palsyFacial reanimation

More Related Videos

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
09:14

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Published on: December 30, 2025

238
Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration
05:04

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration

Published on: May 5, 2020

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

106.7K
Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
09:14

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Published on: December 30, 2025

238
Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration
05:04

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration

Published on: May 5, 2020

8.2K
  • Categorization of treatments based on paralysis etiology (trauma, Bell's palsy) and duration.

    • Main Results:

    • For recent paralysis (within 18-24 months), nerve reinnervation techniques are prioritized.
    • Long-standing paralysis may require muscle transplantation (free flaps, temporalis muscle).
    • Direct neurorrhaphy or nerve grafts are used for severed nerves; cross-face nerve grafts enable contralateral facial nerve input.

    Conclusions:

    • Surgical management of facial paralysis offers realistic goals of improved symmetry and function.
    • Treatment selection depends on the specific nerve injury, duration, and available donor nerves.
    • Multifaceted approaches, including ancillary procedures, are often necessary for optimal results.