Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

40.8K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
40.8K
Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

45.2K
Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
45.2K
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

66.0K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
66.0K
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

25.7K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
25.7K
Evolutionary Processes in Microbes01:26

Evolutionary Processes in Microbes

101
Microbial evolution occurs rapidly due to short generation times and a variety of genetic processes, including horizontal gene transfer, mutation, recombination, and genetic drift. These mechanisms collectively enable microbes to adapt swiftly to changing environments.Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) allows genes to move between different species and occurs through three main mechanisms: conjugation, transformation, and transduction. Conjugation involves direct cell-to-cell contact for DNA...
101
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

129
Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
129

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Immune checkpoint blockade augments lymphodepleting chemotherapy-induced antitumor immunity by expanding effector CD8+ T cell clones.

Cancer research·2026
Same author

Distinct genomic and immunologic tumor evolution in germline TP53-driven breast cancers.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Disulphide and sequence-encoded conformational priors guide nanobody structure prediction.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

YIA26-003: Characterizing the Peripheral T-Cell Repertoire in Patients With Unresectable Melanoma Treated With the IDO- and PD-L1 Targeted Peptide Vaccine IO102-IO103 and Nivolumab-Relatlimab Fixed-Dose Combination.

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN·2026
Same author

Viral Mimicry by Repeats Mediates Evolutionary Trade-offs in Cancer-Immune Co-Evolution.

Cancer discovery·2026
Same author

YIA26-003: Characterizing the Peripheral T-Cell Repertoire in Patients With Unresectable Melanoma Treated With the IDO- and PD-L1 Targeted Peptide Vaccine IO102-IO103 and Nivolumab-Relatlimab Fixed-Dose Combination.

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN·2026
Same journal

The role of the antimicrobial peptide nisin as a clean label food preservative.

Current opinion in microbiology·2026
Same journal

From coarse-grained metabolic rules to fine-grained control of microbial communities.

Current opinion in microbiology·2026
Same journal

Progress in engineered bacterial cancer therapies.

Current opinion in microbiology·2026
Same journal

Constraints on adaptive loss-of-function mutations during microbial metabolic interactions.

Current opinion in microbiology·2026
Same journal

Discovery of novel antimicrobials within microbiomes.

Current opinion in microbiology·2026
Same journal

Beyond the protein lattice: bacterial S-layer glycans - from structure to functional frontier.

Current opinion in microbiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.4K

Viral evolution: beyond drift and shift.

Benjamin D Greenbaum1, Elodie Ghedin2

  • 1Tisch Cancer Institute, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, 1190 5th Ave, New York, NY 10029, United States.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|July 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New quantitative methods from physics and information theory are essential for understanding viral evolution beyond traditional studies like antigenic evolution. Interdisciplinary collaboration is key for applying these tools effectively.

More Related Videos

Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling
21:55

Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling

Published on: April 2, 2012

29.3K
Pairwise Growth Competition Assay for Determining the Replication Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
11:19

Pairwise Growth Competition Assay for Determining the Replication Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses

Published on: May 4, 2015

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.4K
Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling
21:55

Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling

Published on: April 2, 2012

29.3K
Pairwise Growth Competition Assay for Determining the Replication Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
11:19

Pairwise Growth Competition Assay for Determining the Replication Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses

Published on: May 4, 2015

11.9K

Area of Science:

  • * Viral evolution and quantitative biology.
  • * Interdisciplinary applications of statistical physics, topology, and information theory.

Background:

  • * Technological progress enables large-scale exploration of viral evolution.
  • * Traditional methods are insufficient for novel evolutionary aspects, such as antigenic evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To examine novel quantitative frameworks for viral evolution studies.
  • * To highlight the application of statistical physics, topology, and information theory in virology.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of interdisciplinary quantitative approaches applied to viral evolution.
  • * Analysis of large-scale datasets using tools from statistical physics, topology, and information theory.

Main Results:

  • * Identification of three key areas where advanced quantitative methods offer new insights into viral evolution.
  • * Demonstration of how these methods can address problems beyond traditional scope, like antigenic evolution.

Conclusions:

  • * Advanced quantitative frameworks are crucial for a deeper understanding of viral evolution.
  • * Collaboration between biologists and quantitative scientists is necessary for effective application and development of these tools.