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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
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Predicting subsequent task performance from goal motivation and goal failure.

Laura C Healy1, Nikos Ntoumanis2, Brandon D Stewart3

  • 1Department of Physical Education and Sports Studies, Newman University Birmingham, UK.

Frontiers in Psychology
|July 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Unfulfilled goals can disrupt unrelated tasks. This study found that neither autonomous nor controlled motivation influenced how athletes responded to goal failure during a cycling trial.

Keywords:
executive functiongoal pursuitphysical performanceself-concordanceself-determination theory

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sports Science
  • Self-Regulation

Background:

  • Unfulfilled goals can persistently interfere with cognitive functions and task performance.
  • Self-regulation and goal-striving theories provide frameworks for understanding goal pursuit dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of goal failure on subsequent cognitive and physical performance in athletes.
  • To examine whether autonomous or controlled motivation moderates responses to goal failure.

Main Methods:

  • Athletes completed a cycling trial with a specific distance goal within 8 minutes.
  • Motivation was primed using a video, and performance feedback manipulated to create success or failure conditions.
  • Subsequent cognitive and physical task performance was assessed.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found in responses to goal failure based on primed motivation (autonomous vs. controlled).
  • Performance feedback conditions (success vs. failure) did not alter the impact of goal failure on subsequent tasks.
  • The study did not find a moderating effect of motivation type on responses to goal failure.

Conclusions:

  • Goal failure's impact on subsequent performance may not be moderated by autonomous or controlled motivation in this context.
  • Further research is recommended to explore effective strategies for managing goal failure.
  • Understanding how individuals cope with unfulfilled goals is crucial for optimizing performance and well-being.