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iNKT and MAIT Cell Alterations in Diabetes
Isabelle Magalhaes1, Badr Kiaf1, Agnès Lehuen2
1INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin , Paris , France ; UMR8104, CNRS , Paris , France ; Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.
Frontiers in Immunology
|July 21, 2015
Summary
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells may play roles in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Further research is needed to understand their function and potential therapeutic applications.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
- Microbiome Research
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are complex inflammatory diseases.
- Defects in invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are observed in T1D and T2D.
- Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell defects are noted in T2D and obese patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of iNKT and MAIT cells in human T1D and T2D.
- To explore the potential link between gut microbiota and iNKT/MAIT cell function in diabetes.
- To examine the regulatory role of adipose tissue-resident iNKT cells in metabolic disorders.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of iNKT and MAIT cell populations in patients with T1D and T2D.
- Investigation of iNKT and MAIT cell function in mouse models of diabetes.
- Assessment of the impact of gut microbiota on iNKT and MAIT cells.
Main Results:
- iNKT cells show a protective role in T1D in mouse models, but their role in human T1D is debated.
- iNKT cells in adipose tissue may regulate obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
- MAIT cell abnormalities were identified in the blood and adipose tissue of obese and T2D patients.
Conclusions:
- A link between MAIT cells and metabolic disorders suggests further investigation in T1D and T2D.
- Gut microbiota alterations may modulate iNKT and MAIT cell frequency and function in diabetes.
- iNKT and MAIT cells represent promising targets for understanding and potentially treating diabetes.
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