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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Two dimensional x-ray phase imaging using single grating interferometer with embedded x-ray targets.

Naoki Morimoto, Sho Fujino, Amane Yamazaki

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    Researchers developed a novel x-ray phase-contrast imaging technique using a single-grating Talbot-Lau interferometer and multidot metal targets. This method enables high-resolution 2D phase imaging without additional gratings, reducing streak artifacts.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Materials Science
    • Imaging Technology

    Background:

    • Traditional x-ray imaging lacks phase information, limiting its diagnostic capabilities.
    • Phase-contrast x-ray imaging (PCXI) offers enhanced sensitivity to soft tissues but often requires complex setups.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a simplified and compact PCXI system for capturing 2D x-ray phase images.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of using multidot metal targets as a virtual x-ray source array for grating-based interferometry.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a single-grating Talbot-Lau interferometer with multidot metal targets on a diamond substrate.
    • Utilizing an 8 keV x-ray source and a detector with 24 µm pixels.
    • Acquisition of two-dimensional (2D) differential-phase and dark-field images in a single exposure.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully captured 2D x-ray phase images using the novel interferometer setup.
    • Directly resolved a 6 µm pitch dot-pattern self-image of the phase grating.
    • Generated streak-artifact-free phase images from the acquired 2D differential-phase data.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed system enables compact and efficient 2D x-ray phase-contrast imaging.
    • Multidot metal targets effectively act as a virtual x-ray source array, simplifying the interferometer design.
    • The technique shows promise for advanced x-ray imaging applications with improved image quality.