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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Optics
    • Microscopy
    • In Vivo Imaging

    Background:

    • Super-resolution microscopy techniques like STED, STORM, and PALM have advanced in vitro imaging.
    • Current in vivo imaging resolution in deep tissues is limited to the cellular level, hindering subcellular and organelle-level studies.
    • Endoscopy offers in vivo observation but typically has a resolution limit of approximately 1 µm.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a new endoscopy method for real-time super-resolution imaging in vivo.
    • To overcome the diffraction barrier in traditional GRIN lens-based endoscopes for enhanced resolution.
    • To enable detailed subcellular or beyond organelle level imaging within dense tissues.

    Main Methods:

    • Functionalizing graded-index (GRIN) lenses with microspheres.
    • Implementing a super-resolution imaging technique compatible with endoscopy.
    • Utilizing white-light or fluorescent imaging modalities.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated real-time super-resolution imaging in vivo.
    • Achieved a resolution capability of approximately λ/5, breaking the diffraction limit.
    • Improved resolution by a factor of two compared to traditional GRIN lens endoscopes.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed super-resolution endoscopy method significantly enhances in vivo imaging resolution.
    • This technique offers a promising tool for detailed subcellular and organelle-level investigations in living tissues.
    • Further development could open new avenues for in vivo life sciences research.