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Related Concept Videos

Voltage Doubler Circuit01:23

Voltage Doubler Circuit

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A voltage doubler circuit integrates two main components: a clamping section and a rectifier section. The clamping section consists of a capacitor (C1) and a diode (D1), whereas the rectifier section is equipped with another diode (D2) and capacitor (C2). This circuit produces an output voltage with twice the amplitude of the sinusoidal input voltage.
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Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators
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Distributed electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator with double-pass phase shifters and integrated inductors.

D M Gill, W M J Green, C Xiong

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    |July 21, 2015
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    Summary

    A novel high-speed Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) was developed using a 90 nm CMOS process. This innovative design incorporates double-pass phase shifters and integrated inductors for enhanced performance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Integrated Optics
    • Semiconductor Device Engineering

    Background:

    • High-speed modulators are crucial for optical communication systems.
    • Existing modulator designs face challenges in integration and performance scaling.
    • Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology offers a path for highly integrated photonic devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a novel high-speed Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) fully integrated into a 90 nm CMOS process.
    • To demonstrate the efficacy of double-pass optical phase shifter segments.
    • To showcase the first application of integrated inductors in a velocity-matched distributed-electrode configuration for MZMs.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) using a standard 90 nm CMOS process.
    • Implementation of double-pass optical phase shifter segments within the MZM.
    • Integration of inductors to achieve a velocity-matched distributed-electrode configuration.

    Main Results:

    • Successful integration of a high-speed MZM into a 90 nm CMOS platform.
    • Demonstration of double-pass phase shifter segments for enhanced modulation.
    • Achieved velocity-matched distributed-electrode configuration using integrated inductors.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented MZM represents a significant advancement in integrated photonic modulator technology.
    • CMOS integration enables compact and high-performance optical modulators.
    • The novel design features pave the way for next-generation high-speed optical communication.