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Temperature Measurement Sites

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over...

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...

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Updated: Apr 6, 2026

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response

Published on: January 7, 2019

Miniature temperature sensor with germania-core optical fiber.

Jingyi Yang, Yangzi Zheng, Li Han Chen

|July 21, 2015

Summary

This study presents a compact all-fiber temperature sensor using a Germania-doped fiber (Ge-fiber) Michelson interferometer. The novel sensor achieves high sensitivity and a wide temperature range, ideal for precise point sensing applications.

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Last Updated: Apr 6, 2026

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response

Published on: January 7, 2019

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

Published on: October 24, 2018

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

Published on: November 7, 2016

Area of Science:

Photonics and Optical Sensing
Fiber Optic Sensors
Interferometry

Background:

Conventional fiber optic sensors often face limitations in sensitivity and measurement range.
Miniaturization of sensing elements is crucial for advanced point sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a miniature all-fiber temperature sensor with enhanced accuracy and measurement range.
To utilize the properties of Germania-doped fiber (Ge-fiber) for improved interferometric sensing.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a Michelson interferometer by fusion-splicing a short Ge-fiber (0.9 mm) to a standard single-mode fiber (SMF).
Leveraging the large differential refractive index of the Ge-fiber for a controlled Free Spectral Range (FSR).

Main Results:

Achieved a small FSR of 18.6 nm, enabling high measurement accuracy and preventing reading overlaps.
Demonstrated a high temperature sensitivity of 89.0 pm/°C.
Successfully tested the sensor up to a maximum temperature of 500°C.

Conclusions:

The developed miniature Ge-fiber based Michelson interferometer is a promising solution for high-accuracy, wide-range temperature sensing.
The sensor's design is particularly suitable for point sensing applications requiring precise temperature monitoring.