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Related Concept Videos

Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts01:10

Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts

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In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the...
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Gyroscope: Precession01:24

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Precession can be demonstrated effectively through a spinning top. If a spinning top is placed on a flat surface near the surface of the Earth at a vertical angle and is not spinning, it will fall over due to the force of gravity producing a torque acting on its center of mass. However, if the top is spinning on its axis, it precesses about the vertical direction, rather than topple over due to this torque. Precessional motion is a combination of a steady circular motion of the axis and the...
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Torsional Pendulum01:09

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A torsional pendulum involves the oscillation of a rigid body in which the restoring force is provided by the torsion in the string from which the rigid body is suspended. Ideally, the string should be massless; practically, its mass is much smaller than the rigid body's mass and is neglected.
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Gyroscope01:02

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A gyroscope is defined as a spinning disk in which the axis of rotation is free to assume any orientation. When spinning, the orientation of the spin axis is unaffected by the orientation of the body that encloses it. The body or vehicle enclosing the gyroscope can be moved from place to place, while the orientation of the spin axis remains the same. This makes gyroscopes very useful in navigation, especially where magnetic compasses cannot be used, such as in crewed and crewless spacecraft,...
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Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration - I01:37

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If angular acceleration is constant, then we can simplify equations of rotational kinematics, similar to the equations of linear kinematics. This simplified set of equations can be used to describe many applications in physics and engineering where the angular acceleration of a system is constant.
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Circular Shaft - Stresses in Linear Range01:13

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Consider a scenario where a circular shaft is subject to torque that remains within the boundaries of Hooke's Law, avoiding any permanent deformation. So, the formula for shearing strain is revisited. This formula is multiplied by the modulus of rigidity, and then Hooke's Law for the shearing stress and strain is applied. As a result, the equation for shearing stress in a shaft can be derived.
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Fiber Bragg grating ring resonators under rotation for angular velocity sensing.

C E Campanella, F De Leonardis, V M N Passaro

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    This study explores fiber Bragg grating ring resonators (FBGRRs) as sensitive elements for optical gyroscopes. Rotation induces a spectral shift in FBGRRs, confirming their potential for gyroscope applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Sensor Technology

    Background:

    • Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are fundamental components in optical sensing.
    • Ring resonators offer enhanced sensitivity in optical measurements.
    • Existing gyroscope technologies face limitations in sensitivity and size.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate hybrid resonators based on fiber Bragg grating ring resonators (FBGRRs) and π-shifted FBGRRs for gyroscope applications.
    • To model the impact of rotation on FBGs using coupled mode theory.
    • To evaluate the spectral response of FBGRRs and π-FBGRRs under rotational conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Modeling conventional fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) using coupled mode theory.
    • Incorporating the Sagnac effect into the FBG model to simulate rotation.
    • Analyzing the spectral response and eigensolutions of FBGRRs and π-FBGRRs.

    Main Results:

    • The Sagnac effect, induced by rotation, modifies the eigenvalues, photonic band gap, and spectral response of FBGs.
    • A clear spectral shift in the eigensolutions of FBGRRs and π-FBGRRs was observed due to rotation.
    • The study confirms the rotation-sensitive nature of the investigated hybrid resonators.

    Conclusions:

    • Hybrid resonators based on FBGRRs and π-shifted FBGRRs show significant potential as rotation-sensitive elements.
    • The observed spectral shift provides a measurable physical quantity for gyroscope applications.
    • This research opens new avenues for developing advanced optical gyroscope platforms.