Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

10.1K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
10.1K
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

17.9K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
17.9K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

2.6K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.6K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

18.5K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
18.5K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

86.6K
Overview
86.6K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

17.5K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
17.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CD49a expression defines a metabolically robust, cytokine-biased liver NK cell subset in rhesus macaques during lentivirus infection.

Immunology and cell biology·2026
Same author

Myeloid cell recruitment and activation through systemic and mucosae-directed cytokine therapy.

Immunology and cell biology·2025
Same author

A Novel Approach for Preventing Respiratory Virus Infections.

JAMA internal medicine·2025
Same author

Corrigendum to 'Immune correlates analysis of the Imbokodo (HVTN 705/HPX2008) efficacy trial of a mosaic HIV-1 vaccine regimen evaluated in Southern African people assigned female sex at birth: a two-phase case-control study'. EBioMedicine 2024;108: 105320.

EBioMedicine·2025
Same author

Longitudinal transcriptomic analysis of SIV-infected rhesus macaques reveals peripheral immune dynamics throughout untreated SIV infection and long-term antiretroviral therapy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Elevated peripheral and nervous system inflammation is associated with decreased short-chain fatty acid levels in Zika virus-infected macaques.

Journal of virology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Transduction and Expansion of Primary T Cells in Nine Days with Maintenance of Central Memory Phenotype
08:49

Transduction and Expansion of Primary T Cells in Nine Days with Maintenance of Central Memory Phenotype

Published on: March 18, 2020

11.7K

Antigen-specific NK cell memory in rhesus macaques.

R Keith Reeves1, Haiying Li1, Stephanie Jost2

  • 11] Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Division of Immunology, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, Massachusetts, USA.

Nature Immunology
|July 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Primates develop antigen-specific memory in natural killer (NK) cells after infection or vaccination. This durable NK cell memory could be crucial for developing vaccines against HIV-1 and other infectious diseases.

More Related Videos

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining
06:25

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining

Published on: December 23, 2016

9.6K
Multicolor Flow Cytometry Analyses of Cellular Immune Response in Rhesus Macaques
07:11

Multicolor Flow Cytometry Analyses of Cellular Immune Response in Rhesus Macaques

Published on: April 22, 2010

21.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Transduction and Expansion of Primary T Cells in Nine Days with Maintenance of Central Memory Phenotype
08:49

Transduction and Expansion of Primary T Cells in Nine Days with Maintenance of Central Memory Phenotype

Published on: March 18, 2020

11.7K
Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining
06:25

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining

Published on: December 23, 2016

9.6K
Multicolor Flow Cytometry Analyses of Cellular Immune Response in Rhesus Macaques
07:11

Multicolor Flow Cytometry Analyses of Cellular Immune Response in Rhesus Macaques

Published on: April 22, 2010

21.9K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK) cells were traditionally viewed as non-specific innate immune cells.
  • Recent research indicated antigen-specific memory features in mouse NK cells.
  • The existence of this phenomenon in primates remained unconfirmed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether antigen-specific memory exists in primate NK cells.
  • To determine if NK cell memory can be induced by infection or vaccination in primates.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing splenic and hepatic NK cells from macaques infected with SHIV or SIV, or vaccinated with Ad26.
  • Assessing NK cell lysis of antigen-pulsed dendritic cells.
  • Evaluating NK cell responses 5 years post-vaccination.

Main Results:

  • NK cells from infected macaques specifically lysed antigen-pulsed dendritic cells in an NKG2-dependent manner.
  • NK cells from vaccinated macaques demonstrated efficient lysis of antigen-matched targets 5 years after vaccination.
  • Antigen-mismatched targets were not lysed by NK cells from vaccinated macaques.

Conclusions:

  • Robust and durable antigen-specific NK cell memory is inducible in primates following infection and vaccination.
  • This finding has significant implications for the development of vaccines against HIV-1 and other pathogens.