Histopathological aspects described in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Chronic hepatitis C affects an estimated 170 million people worldwide and causes approximately 350 000 deaths each year. The current antiviral therapy allows the virus eradication or the permanent inhibition of the virus replication (sustained virological response, SVR), the reduction of the inflammation, and the prevention or the reduction of liver fibrogenesis (histological response). We studied the histopathological aspects found during percutaneous liver biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis C viral infection who were treated and monitored over a period of two years. The assessment of the histological activity index through Ishak score determined the presence of: mild chronic hepatitis in 12 (23.1%) patients, moderate chronic hepatitis in 21 (40.4%) patients, and severe chronic hepatitis in 19 (36.5%) patients. The percutaneous liver biopsy performed on the patients with chronic viral hepatitis C showed a series of histological alterations, the most frequent being: portal inflammation, periportal necrosis, lobular inflammation, focal necrosis, and hepatic fibrosis (scarring). The severity degree of this histopathological aspect was correlated with the hepatitis activity index. The association of piecemeal with bridging necrosis is the deadline at which the antiviral treatment can still be effective. Evidence of early fibrosis represent the important moment for the antiviral treatment start. The specific histopathological aspects, but not pathognomonic, of chronic hepatitis C (hepatic steatosis, portal lymphoid infiltrates and bile duct damage) had a reduced incidence, occurring in only half (hepatic steatosis), a quarter (portal lymphoid infiltrates) and a fifth (destruction of biliary ducts) of all the patients with chronic viral hepatitis C, and these patterns was correlated with advanced degree of necroinflammatory process of the liver, particularly in the portal tracts.