Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs
10:44

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs

Published on: May 15, 2019

14.0K

Experimental Evidence Shows Salubrinal, an eIF2α Dephosphorylation Inhibitor, Reduces Xenotoxicant-Induced Cellular

Masato Matsuoka1, Yuta Komoike2

  • 1Department of Hygiene and Public Health I, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan. matsuoka@research.twmu.ac.jp.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 21, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Salubrinal protects cells from damage caused by environmental pollutants and drugs by modulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This compound prevents dephosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α), mitigating cellular damage.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are implicated in diseases and toxicity from xenotoxicants.
  • Modulating ER stress pathways is crucial for protecting cells against xenotoxicant-induced damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the protective effects of salubrinal against xenotoxicant-induced cellular damage.
  • To discuss the mechanisms by which salubrinal confers cytoprotection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating salubrinal's effects on ER stress.
  • Analysis of salubrinal's impact on eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) phosphorylation and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) expression.

Main Results:

  • Salubrinal prevents the dephosphorylation of eIF2α, which is a key event in ER stress response.
  • Salubrinal demonstrates cytoprotective effects against a diverse range of xenotoxicants, including environmental pollutants and drugs.
  • The compound influences global protein synthesis and ATF4-mediated UPR target gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Salubrinal offers a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating cellular damage induced by various xenotoxicants.
  • Understanding salubrinal's mechanisms, including its effects on eIF2α and ATF4, is vital for developing targeted interventions against ER stress-related pathologies.
Keywords:
ATF4ER stressapoptosiscytoprotectiondrugseIF2αenvironmental pollutantssalubrinalxenotoxicants

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
69
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
69