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Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
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Multi-dimensional permutation-modulation format for coherent optical communications.

Shota Ishimura, Kazuro Kikuchi

    Optics Express
    |July 21, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    We introduce a new multi-dimensional permutation-modulation format for optical communication. This novel format enhances spectral efficiency, approaching Shannon

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Communication Systems
    • Information Theory
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Coherent optical communication systems require efficient modulation formats.
    • Existing formats like PS-QPSK and POL-QAM are limited in spectral efficiency.
    • Shannon's theory provides a theoretical limit for channel capacity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and analyze the multi-dimensional permutation-modulation format.
    • To investigate its power and spectral efficiency trade-offs.
    • To explore novel modulation formats beyond existing ones.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of multi-dimensional permutation modulation.
    • Computer simulations to evaluate symbol-error rate (SER) and bit-error rate (BER).

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  • Comparison with existing modulation formats like QPSK.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified novel permutation modulation formats offering trade-offs between power and spectral efficiency.
    • Demonstrated that increased dimensions approach Shannon's channel capacity.
    • An eight-dimensional (8D) format achieved 2.75 bit/s/Hz/pol/channel spectral efficiency with a 1 dB power penalty.

    Conclusions:

    • Multi-dimensional permutation modulation offers significant spectral efficiency gains.
    • Novel formats provide flexibility in balancing power and spectral efficiency.
    • This approach advances coherent optical communication capabilities.