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Congenital kala-azar.

T P Yadav1, H Gupta, U Satteya

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Dr. R. M. L. Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology
|October 1, 1989
PubMed
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A rare case of congenital kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) in an infant is presented. The infant likely contracted the disease in utero from his mother, bypassing typical sandfly transmission routes.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is a severe parasitic disease.
  • Congenital transmission of leishmaniasis is exceptionally rare.

Observation:

  • An 11-month-old infant presented with fever, pallor, and hepatosplenomegaly, diagnosed as kala-azar.
  • The infant's mother also had kala-azar during pregnancy.
  • Neither mother nor infant traveled from Delhi, and local sandflies are not competent vectors.

Findings:

  • The infant's kala-azar diagnosis, coupled with the mother's infection and lack of typical vector exposure, points to an unusual transmission route.
  • Exclusion of sandfly transmission in Delhi suggests congenital infection as the most probable cause.

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Implications:

  • This case highlights the possibility of in utero transmission of kala-azar, challenging established epidemiological understanding.
  • It underscores the need for considering congenital leishmaniasis in infants presenting with suggestive symptoms, especially when born to infected mothers.
  • Further research into rare transmission routes of neglected tropical diseases is warranted.