Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

2.1K
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
2.1K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

18.5K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
18.5K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

10.1K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
10.1K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

17.5K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
17.5K
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

4.5K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
4.5K
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

4.6K
Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Inferring Resource Competition in Microbial Communities from Time Series.

PRX life·2026
Same author

Paraplume: A fast and accurate antibody paratope prediction method provides insights into repertoire-scale binding dynamics.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same author

Theoretical limits for sensing through phase separation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Dynamics of memory B cells and plasmablasts in healthy individuals.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Correction: Buckling of swelling gels.

The European physical journal. E, Soft matter·2025
Same author

Energy-based generative models for monoclonal antibodies.

mAbs·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing
08:59

T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing

Published on: January 12, 2021

9.1K

Inferring processes underlying B-cell repertoire diversity.

Yuval Elhanati1, Zachary Sethna2, Quentin Marcou1

  • 1Laboratoire de physique théorique, UMR8549, CNRS and École normale supérieure, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|July 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Human B cells generate a diverse receptor repertoire through VDJ recombination and somatic hypermutation. This study quantifies these processes, revealing unique statistical properties of B-cell receptors and their generation mechanisms.

Keywords:
B cellIgHVDJ recombinationimmune repertoiresomatic hypermutationsstatistical inference

More Related Videos

Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing
08:51

Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing

Published on: March 15, 2019

13.2K
VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma
15:07

VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma

Published on: December 28, 2015

27.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 6, 2026

T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing
08:59

T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing

Published on: January 12, 2021

9.1K
Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing
08:51

Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing

Published on: March 15, 2019

13.2K
VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma
15:07

VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma

Published on: December 28, 2015

27.4K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • The adaptive immune system relies on B cells and T cells to generate diverse antigen receptors.
  • Understanding the statistical properties of B-cell receptor generation is crucial for immunology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the VDJ recombination and somatic hypermutation processes in human B cells.
  • To analyze the statistical properties of the naive B-cell repertoire before and after selection.
  • To infer the statistical properties of the somatic hypermutation machinery.

Main Methods:

  • Probabilistic inference methods applied to high-throughput DNA sequencing data.
  • Analysis of human B-cell receptor heavy chain repertoires.
  • Quantification of VDJ recombination and somatic hypermutation statistical properties.

Main Results:

  • Human B-cell repertoires are more diverse than T-cell repertoires, attributed to longer junctional insertions.
  • Sequences passing initial selection show a higher probability of VDJ recombination origin.
  • Somatic hypermutations exhibit a non-uniform distribution along the V gene, influenced by sequence context.

Conclusions:

  • VDJ recombination and somatic hypermutation are key drivers of B-cell repertoire diversity.
  • The study provides quantitative insights into the statistical underpinnings of B-cell receptor generation and selection.
  • Sequence context significantly influences somatic hypermutation patterns.