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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
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Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Comprehensive Review.

Antonella Cianferoni1,2, Jonathan Spergel3,4

  • 1Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. cianferonia@email.chop.edu.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|July 22, 2015
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Summary

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic disease affecting the esophagus, diagnosed by biopsy. Treatment involves topical steroids and allergen avoidance to manage inflammation and prevent complications.

Keywords:
Eosinophilic esophagitisGenome-wide association studyTh2 inflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging chronic atopic disease with a prevalence of 1/1000, similar to Crohn's disease.
  • Symptoms often manifest as esophageal dysfunction and fibrosis.
  • Diagnosis requires esophageal biopsy showing ≥15 eosinophils per high power field (eos/hpf).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE), including its diagnosis, underlying mechanisms, and treatment strategies.
  • To highlight the association of EoE with other atopic conditions and genetic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria for EoE.
  • Discussion of the immunological basis, including T helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation and allergen triggers.
  • Inclusion of findings from genetic studies linking EoE to specific gene polymorphisms (e.g., TSLP).

Main Results:

  • EoE is frequently associated with other atopic diseases like asthma and allergic rhinitis.
  • Genetic studies indicate a link between EoE and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP).
  • Effective management is crucial to prevent complications like esophageal stricture and food impaction.

Conclusions:

  • EoE management requires controlling local eosinophilic inflammation for symptomatic relief and complication prevention.
  • Treatment strategies include topical steroids and food antigen avoidance, similar to other atopic diseases.
  • Understanding the genetic and immunological underpinnings of EoE is vital for advancing therapeutic approaches.