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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Vitamins01:30

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
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Vitamin Supplementation in the Elderly.

Seema Joshi1

  • 1Department of Geriatrics and Extended Care, Dwight D. Eisenhower Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4101 South 4th Street Traffic way, Leavenworth, KS 66048, USA; Division of Health Services Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 4043 Wescoe, MS 1037, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
|July 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin supplements are popular among older adults for health improvement. However, clinical trials do not support their effectiveness in disease prevention or health promotion, unlike observational studies.

Keywords:
AgedAntioxidantsDietary supplementsHealth statusNutritional requirementsVitamins/administration and dosage

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Vitamin supplementation is prevalent among the elderly, with many adults using supplements for perceived health benefits and disease prevention.
  • Dietary supplement use has steadily increased in the U.S. over the past three decades, with over half of adults reporting usage.
  • Observational studies suggest a health-protective effect from diets rich in fruits and vegetables.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin supplementation in promoting health and preventing disease in the elderly population.
  • To compare the findings from clinical trials with observational evidence regarding vitamin use and health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial data on vitamin supplements for health promotion and disease prevention.
  • Analysis of observational studies linking dietary patterns to health outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Clinical trials have not substantiated the strong health associations observed in epidemiological or observational studies.
  • Evidence from clinical trials does not support the widespread use of vitamin supplements for general health improvement or disease prevention in the elderly.

Conclusions:

  • The efficacy of vitamin supplements for enhancing health and preventing disease in the elderly is not supported by current clinical trial evidence.
  • Despite the popularity of vitamin supplements, scientific evidence does not align with observational findings on their protective health effects.