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Related Experiment Videos

Factors affecting diazepam availability from intravenous admixture solutions.

W O Arruda1, D Brito Filho, S L Rosa

  • 1Intensive Care Unit, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brasil.

Arquivos De Neuro-Psiquiatria
|September 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Parenteral diazepam (intravenous) significantly loses concentration when infused through polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sets, especially within 30 minutes. This drug loss impacts critical care scenarios, necessitating careful consideration during administration.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Pharmacy
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Parenteral diazepam is crucial for managing severe neurological conditions.
  • The interaction between intravenous drug solutions and administration set materials can affect drug availability.
  • Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a common material in medical devices, but its potential to interact with medications is a concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stability and availability of parenteral diazepam solutions during infusion.
  • To quantify the loss of diazepam when administered through polyvinyl chloride (PVC) administration sets.
  • To compare drug loss in different container types (glass vs. polyethylene) and solution bases (0.9% sodium chloride vs. 5% glucose).

Main Methods:

  • Parenteral diazepam solutions (1000 mg/500 ml) in 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) and 5% glucose (G5W) were prepared.

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  • Solutions were infused at 30 ml/h through PVC administration sets from either glass or polyethylene (PE) containers.
  • Samples were collected from the container and the end of the administration set over 12 hours and analyzed using ultraviolet spectrophotometry.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant loss of diazepam was observed within 30 minutes of infusion, with losses ranging from 55% to 63.5% depending on the solution and container type.
    • The greatest losses occurred in glass containers (63.5% for G5W, 60.5% for NS).
    • Diazepam concentrations within the original containers remained largely unchanged, indicating the loss occurred primarily due to interaction with the PVC administration set.

    Conclusions:

    • Parenteral diazepam exhibits substantial adsorption to or degradation by PVC administration sets during infusion.
    • The observed drug loss is clinically relevant and must be considered in critical situations such as status epilepticus, tetanus, and eclampsia.
    • Alternative administration sets or strategies may be necessary to ensure adequate diazepam delivery in high-risk patients.