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We studied Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) cascades in a medium, finding two distinct momentum broadening behaviors. For smaller media, momentum increases with size, while large media cause saturation due to multiple branching.

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Area of Science:

  • High-energy particle physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)
  • Medium-induced phenomena

Background:

  • Understanding particle interactions within dense media is crucial for interpreting high-energy collision data.
  • Previous studies have explored aspects of parton showers in QCD, but the specific dynamics of angular broadening in extended media require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the angular broadening of medium-induced QCD cascades.
  • To derive and solve the equation governing the evolution of average transverse momentum squared for gluons within a QCD cascade.
  • To identify and characterize different regimes of momentum broadening based on medium size and gluon properties.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of an evolution equation for the average transverse momentum squared of gluons.
  • Analytical solution of the derived equation as a function of medium length.
  • Identification of distinct physical regimes based on the analytical solutions.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct regimes of transverse momentum broadening were identified.
  • In a smaller medium, transverse momentum increases with medium size, consistent with standard momentum broadening.
  • In a larger medium with soft gluons, transverse momentum saturates, independent of medium size, due to multiple branching.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a novel saturation regime in QCD cascades within large media.
  • The observed momentum broadening behavior is qualitatively consistent with recent LHC data on dijet asymmetry.
  • This work provides a theoretical framework for understanding particle interactions in dense QCD environments.