Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.9K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.9K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.6K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.7K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.7K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.8K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.8K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.7K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.7K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

2.2K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Age- and tissue-specific induction of NHE3 by glucocorticoids in the rat small intestine.

American journal of physiology. Cell physiology·2001
Same author

A single residue contributes to the difference between Kir4.1 and Kir1.1 channels in pH sensitivity, rectification and single channel conductance.

The Journal of physiology·2000
Same author

Molecular determinants for the distinct pH sensitivity of Kir1.1 and Kir4.1 channels.

American journal of physiology. Cell physiology·2000
Same author

Interaction of different oligomeric states of hexameric DNA-helicase RepA with single-stranded DNA studied by analytical ultracentrifugation.

FEBS letters·2000
Same author

Function of GATA transcription factors in preadipocyte-adipocyte transition.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2000
Same author

DNA helicase RepA: cooperative ATPase activity and binding of nucleotides.

Biochemistry·2000

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
15:47

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Published on: November 1, 2013

17.2K

Tunable Spin-Qubit Coupling Mediated by a Multielectron Quantum Dot.

V Srinivasa1, H Xu1, J M Taylor1

  • 1Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|July 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a tunable method to entangle electron spins in silicon using a hybrid quantum dot system. This approach enables high-fidelity quantum gates for scalable quantum computing.

More Related Videos

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
12:57

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

Published on: October 13, 2017

9.7K
Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

15.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
15:47

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Published on: November 1, 2013

17.2K
Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
12:57

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

Published on: October 13, 2017

9.7K
Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

15.5K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Electron spin qubits are promising for quantum computing.
  • Controlling interactions between distant qubits is a key challenge.
  • Existing methods for coupling qubits have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel method for entangling spatially separated electron spin qubits.
  • To demonstrate a tunable and high-fidelity approach for two-qubit gates.
  • To provide an experimentally accessible route for coupling donor electron spins in silicon.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a multielectron, two-level quantum dot to mediate exchange interaction between impurity atoms or quantum dots.
  • Employing gate voltage control to manipulate level splittings and tunneling amplitudes.
  • Leveraging Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) exchange principles.

Main Results:

  • Achieved effective exchange interaction between spatially separated electron spins.
  • Demonstrated high tunability of the interaction via gate voltage.
  • Established a pathway for high-fidelity two-qubit gates.

Conclusions:

  • The hybrid impurity-dot system offers a tunable and high-fidelity method for entangling electron spins.
  • This approach is experimentally accessible and suitable for donor electron spins in silicon.
  • The developed technique advances scalable quantum computing architectures.